Discover the World of Minerals

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Oxide (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Agate

SiO₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Multicolor banded

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Oxide

Alexandrite

BeAl₂O₄

Hardness 8.5

Color Green in daylight

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Almandine

Fe₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Amber

C₁₀H₁₆O (approx)

Amethyst

SiO₂

Hardness 7

Color Purple

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Mineraloid (Biogenic Gemstone)

Ammolite

CaCO₃ (with organic binding)

Hardness 3.5 - 4.5

Color Iridescent red

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Silicate (Quartz Variety)

Ametrine

SiO₂

Hardness 7

Color Purple and yellow/orange bicolor

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Andalusite

Al₂SiO₅

Apatite

Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH)

Aquamarine

Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Hardness 7.5 - 8

Color Pale blue to light green

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Carbonate

Aragonite

CaCO₃

Arsenopyrite

FeAsS

Hardness 5.5 - 6

Color Silvery-white to steel-gray

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Silicate (Pyroxene Group - Inosilicate)

Augite

(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)₂O₆

Hardness 5.5 - 6

Color Dark green

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Silicate (Quartz Variety)

Aventurine

SiO₂

Azurite

Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Baryte (Barite)

BaSO₄

Beryl

Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆

Hardness 7.5 - 8

Color Green

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Silicate (Mica Group - Phyllosilicate)

Biotite

K(Mg,Fe)₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Bismuth

Bi

Hardness 2 - 2.5

Color Silver-white (naturally); vibrant rainbow (synthetically oxidized)

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Oxide (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Bloodstone (Heliotrope)

SiO₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Dark green with red spots

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Sulfide

Bornite

Cu₅FeS₄

Hardness 3

Color Copper-red

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Silicate (Pyroxene Group)

Bronzite

(Mg,Fe)₂Si₂O₆

Hardness 5.5 - 6

Color Brown

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Rock (Sedimentary/Volcanic)

Bumblebee Jasper

CaCO₃ (Limestone Matrix with Sulfur and Arsenic)

Calcite

CaCO₃

Hardness 3

Color Colorless

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Silicate (Chalcedony Variety)

Carnelian

SiO₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Orange

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Silicate (Phyllosilicate)

Cavansite

Ca(VO)Si₄O₁₀·4H₂O

Celestine (Celestite)

SrSO₄

Hardness 3 - 3.5

Color Pale blue

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Silicate (Microcrystalline Quartz)

Chalcedony

SiO₂

Chalcopyrite

CuFeS₂

Hardness 3.5 - 4

Color Brass-yellow

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Silicate (Inosilicate)

Charoite

K(Ca,Na)₂Si₄O₁₀(OH,F)·H₂O

Hardness 5 - 6

Color Violet

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Rock (Limestone/Dolomite with Mineral Inclusions)

Chrysanthemum Stone

CaCO₃ (Matrix) with SrSO₄ or Al₂SiO₅ (Flowers)

Chrysocolla

Cu₂H₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄

Hardness 2.5 - 7 (variable)

Color Cyan

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Silicate (Chalcedony Variety)

Chrysoprase

SiO₂

Cinnabar

HgS

Citrine

SiO₂

Cobaltite

CoAsS

Copper

Cu

Hardness 2.5 - 3

Color Copper-red

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Silicate (Cyclosilicate)

Cordierite (Iolite)

(Mg,Fe)₂Al₃(AlSi₅O₁₈)

Corundum

Al₂O₃

Hardness 9

Color Colorless

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Carbonate (Calcite Variety)

Cobaltocalcite

(Ca,Co)CO₃

Crocoite

PbCrO₄

Hardness 2.5 - 3

Color Orange-red

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Silicate (Garnet Group - Andradite)

Demantoid

Ca₃Fe₂(SiO₄)₃

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Yellowish-green to brilliant emerald green

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Silicate (Tectosilicate)

Danburite

CaB₂(SiO₄)₂

Hardness 7 - 7.25

Color Colorless

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Silicate (Pyroxene Group)

Diopside

CaMgSi₂O₆

Hardness 5.5 - 6.5

Color Green

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Silicate (Cyclosilicate)

Dioptase

CuSiO₃·H₂O

Dolomite

CaMg(CO₃)₂

Diamond

C

Emerald

Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆

Hardness 7.5 - 8

Color Green

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Silicate (Sorosilicate)

Epidote

Ca₂Al₂(Fe³⁺;Al)(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)O(OH)

Hardness 6 - 7

Color Pistachio-green

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Euclase

BeAlSiO₄(OH)

Hardness 7.5

Color Brilliant blue

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Silicate (Cyclosilicate)

Eudialyte

Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂

Hardness 5 - 5.5

Color Pink

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Silicate (Tectosilicate)

Feldspar

KAlSi₃O₈ - NaAlSi₃O₈ - CaAl₂Si₂O₈

Fluorite

CaF₂

Hardness 4

Color Purple

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Phosphate (Apatite Group)

Fluorapatite

Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Galena

PbS

Garnet

X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃

Goethite

α-FeO(OH)

Gold

Au

Hardness 2.5 - 3

Color Golden Yellow

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Silicate (Beryl Group)

Goshenite

Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆

Hardness 7.5 - 8

Color Colorless

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Grossular

Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Hardness 6.5 - 7.5

Color Green

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Silicate (Tectosilicate - Sodalite Group)

Hackmanite

Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄(Cl,S)₂

Gypsum

CaSO₄·2H₂O

Hardness 2

Color Colorless

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Silicate (Beryl Group)

Heliodor

Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆

Halite (Rock Salt)

NaCl

Hematite

Fe₂O₃

Hardness 5.5 - 6.5

Color Silver-gray

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Silicate (Sorosilicate)

Hemimorphite

Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂·H₂O

Hardness 4.5 - 5

Color Blue

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Silicate (Spodumene Variety)

Hiddenite

LiAl(SiO₃)₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Emerald-green

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Silicate (Amphibole Group - Inosilicate)

Hornblende

(Ca,Na)₂–₃(Mg,Fe,Al)₅(Al,Si)₈O₂₂(OH,F)₂

Hardness 5 - 6

Color Black

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Silicate (Borosilicate)

Howlite

Ca₂B₅SiO₉(OH)₅

Hardness 3.5 - 4

Color White

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Silicate (Cordierite)

Iolite

Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈

Hardness 7 - 7.5

Color Blue

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Inosilicate (Silicate)

Jade

NaAlSi₂O₆ (Jadeite) / Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ (Nephrite)

Hardness 6 - 7 (Nephrite 6-6.5, Jadeite 6.5-7)

Color Green

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Silicate (Pyroxene Group)

Jadeite

NaAlSi₂O₆

Jasper

SiO₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Red

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Rock (Silicified Volcanic Rhyolite)

Kambaba Jasper

SiO₂ (with extensive impurities)

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Dark green with black circular or orbicular patterns

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Silicate (Spodumene Variety)

Kunzite

LiAl(SiO₃)₂

Kyanite

Al₂SiO₅

Hardness 4.5 - 7 (anisotropic)

Color Blue

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Tectosilicate

Labradorite

(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Lapis Lazuli

(Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO₄,Cl)₁₋₂ (Complex rock containing lazurite)

Hardness 5 - 5.5

Color Deep blue (often with gold pyrite flecks)

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Silicate (Pectolite Variety)

Larimar

NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)

Hardness 4.5 - 5

Color Light blue

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Rock (Feldspar-rich Igneous Rock)

Larvikite

(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈ - CaAl₂Si₂O₈

Lepidocrocite

γ-FeO(OH)

Hardness 5

Color Ruby-red

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Mineraloid (Impact Glass / Tektite)

Libyan Desert Glass

SiO₂

Magnesite

MgCO₃

Hardness 3.5 - 4.5

Color White

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Silicate (Mica Group)

Lepidolite

K(Li,Al)₃(Al,Si,Rb)₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂

Malachite

Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

Hardness 3.5 - 4

Color Bright green to dark green

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Native Element

Meteorite (Iron-Nickel)

Fe,Ni (Alloy)

Hardness 4 - 5

Color Silver

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Silicate (Phyllosilicate)

Mica

X₂Y₄–₆Z₈O₂₀(OH,F)₄ (General Formula)

Marcasite

FeS₂

Hardness 6 - 6.5

Color Pale bronze-yellow

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Mineraloid (Tektite / Impact Glass)

Moldavite

SiO₂ (+ Al₂O₃)

Hardness 5.5

Color Forest green

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Tectosilicate (Feldspar)

Moonstone

(Na,K)AlSi₃O₈

Morganite

Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Hardness 7.5 - 8

Color Pink

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Silicate (Mica Group - Phyllosilicate)

Muscovite

KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Nuummite

(Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ (Anthophyllite) & (Mg,Fe)₇Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂ (Gedrite)

Hardness 5.5 - 6

Color Black

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Mineraloid (Volcanic Glass)

Obsidian

SiO₂ + MgO, Fe₃O₄ (Complex silicate glass)

Hardness 5 - 6

Color Black

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Olivine

(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Olive green

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Oxide (Cryptocrystalline Quartz)

Onyx

SiO₂

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Black

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Silicate (Amphibole Group)

Nephrite (Jade)

Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Opal

SiO₂·nH₂O

Hardness 5.5 - 6.5

Color Polychromatic (Play of Color)

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Silicate (Feldspar Group - Potassium)

Orthoclase

KAlSi₃O₈

Pallasite (Stony-Iron Meteorite)

Fe,Ni (Alloy) + (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ (Olivine)

Hardness "4 - 7" (Mixed)

Color Metallic silver matrix with transparent green/yellow crystals

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Nesosilicate

Peridot

(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Olive-Green

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Silicate (Beryl Group - Cyclosilicate)

Pezzottaite

Cs(Be₂Li)Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Hardness 8

Color Raspberry red

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Silicate (Chalcedony / Quartz)

Pietersite

SiO₂ (with amphibole inclusions)

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Blue

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Phenakite

Be₂SiO₄

Platinum

Pt

Hardness 4 - 4.5

Color Steel-gray

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Silicate (Feldspar Group - Tectosilicate)

Plagioclase

(Na,Ca)Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈

Hardness 6 - 6.5

Color White

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Silicate (Quartz Variety)

Prasiolite

SiO₂

Prehnite

Ca₂Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Purpurite

Mn³⁺PO₄

Pyrite

FeS₂

Hardness 6 - 6.5

Color Pale brass-yellow

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Pyrope

Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Hardness 7 - 7.5

Color Blood red

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Rhodolite

(Mg,Fe)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Rhodochrosite

MnCO₃

Rhodonite

(Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)SiO₃

Rock Crystal (Clear Quartz)

SiO₂

Hardness 7

Color Colorless

Silicate

Quartz

SiO₂

Rose Quartz

SiO₂

Hardness 7

Color Pale pink to rose red

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Oxide

Ruby

Al₂O₃:Cr

Rutile

TiO₂

Sapphire

Al₂O₃

Hardness 9

Color Blue

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Silicate (Tectosilicate / Zeolite Group)

Scolecite

CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀·3H₂O

Hardness 5 - 5.5

Color Colorless

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Silicate (Chlorite Group)

Seraphinite

(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₈

Hardness 2 - 2.5

Color Dark green to grayish-green with silvery chatoyant patterns

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Sillimanite

Al₂SiO₅

Hardness 6.5 - 7.5

Color Colorless

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Sulfate (Gypsum Variety)

Selenite

CaSO₄·2H₂O

Silver

Ag

Smoky Quartz

SiO₂

Shungite

C (Amorphous Carbon)

Smithsonite

ZnCO₃

Hardness 4 - 4.5

Color Blue

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Tectosilicate (Feldspathoid)

Sodalite

Na₈(Al₆Si₆O₂₄)Cl₂

Hardness 5.5 - 6

Color Royal blue

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Spessartine

Mn₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Spinel

MgAl₂O₄

Hardness 8

Color Red

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Sphene (Titanite)

CaTiSiO₅

Hardness 5 - 5.5

Color Yellow-green

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Inosilicate (Pyroxene Group)

Spodumene

LiAlSi₂O₆

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color White

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Silicate (Nesosilicate)

Staurolite

Fe²⁺₂Al₉O₆(SiO₄)₄(O,OH)₂

Hardness 7 - 7.5

Color Dark reddish-brown

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Sulfide

Sphalerite

(Zn,Fe)S

Hardness 3.5 - 4

Color Yellow

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Silicate (Cyclosilicate)

Sugilite

KNa₂(Fe,Mn,Al)₂Li₃Si₁₂O₃₀

Hardness 5.5 - 6.5

Color Light to dark purple

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Tectosilicate (Plagioclase Feldspar)

Sunstone

(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)₄O₈

Tanzanite

Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)

Hardness 6.5

Color Violet-Blue

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Mineraloid (Impact Glass)

Tektite

SiO₂ (with Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg)

Tiger's Eye

SiO₂

Topaz

Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂

Hardness 8

Color Golden

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Silicate (Garnet Group - Grossular)

Tsavorite

Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Hardness 7 - 7.5

Color Emerald green to deep forest green

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Cyclosilicate

Tourmaline

AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z (Extremely complex borosilicate)

Hardness 7 - 7.5

Color All colors (Black

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Phosphate

Turquoise

CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

Hardness 5 - 6

Color Sky blue

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Silicate (Garnet Group)

Uvarovite

Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃

Hardness 6.5 - 7

Color Emerald-green

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Silicate (Tectosilicate)

Tugtupite

Na₄AlBeSi₄O₁₂(Cl,S)

Hardness 4 - 5

Color White

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Phosphate (Apatite Group)

Vanadinite

Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl

Wulfenite

PbMoO₄

Zircon

ZrSiO₄

Hardness 7.5

Color Red

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Silicate (Epidote Group)

Zoisite

Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH)

Hardness 6 - 7

Color Green