Aquamarine

Aquamarine is a blue to blue-green variety of beryl. Its name comes from the Latin 'aqua marina', meaning 'water of the sea'. The color is caused by trace amounts of ferrous iron within the beryl crystal structure. Unlike emerald (another beryl variety), aquamarine is often free of inclusions and has excellent transparency.

Formation & Geology

Aquamarine forms in granite pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. It crystallizes from magma fluids in the late stages of cooling. Major deposits are found in Brazil, but it is also mined in Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Pakistan, and Mozambique. It is often found in large, well-formed hexagonal crystals.

Physical Characteristics

With a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, aquamarine is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. It has a vitreous luster and imperfect cleavage. Heat treatment is common to remove green tones and enhance the blue color.

Historical Significance

Historically, aquamarine was believed to protect sailors and guarantee a safe voyage. It was also thought to cool the temper and allow the wearer to remain calm and level-headed. It is the birthstone for March.

Color & Value Factors

The value of an aquamarine is largely determined by the intensity of its blue color. Deep, saturated blues (often called "Santa Maria" color) are much more valuable than pale or washed-out stones. Most aquamarine is heat-treated to remove yellow tones and produce a purer blue. This treatment is undetectable and permanent.