Piezoelectric
Definition
The property of certain minerals to generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress, or to deform when an electric field is applied.
Example
Quartz is piezoelectric, which is why it's used in watches and electronic oscillators.
The Electric Squeeze
Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon where certain crystals generate an electric charge when mechanical stress (squeezing) is applied to them. Conversely, if an electric field is applied, the crystal physically deforms or vibrates. This effect was discovered by the Curie brothers in 1880. It only occurs in crystals that lack a center of symmetry, such as Quartz and Tourmaline.
Modern Applications
This property is the heartbeat of modern technology:
- Quartz Watches: A tiny battery sends electricity to a quartz crystal, causing it to vibrate precisely 32,768 times per second, keeping perfect time.
- Sonar: Piezoelectric crystals send out sound waves underwater and detect the returning echoes.
- Microphones & Pickups: Converting sound vibrations into electrical signals in guitars and mics.